In the maritime industry, the safety and integrity of vessels and docks are paramount. One critical component that plays a significant role in ensuring this safety is the cone rubber fender. These fenders are designed to absorb the impact of ships docking or mooring, thereby protecting both the vessel and the dock from damage. The design of cone rubber fender is a complex process that requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure they are both effective and durable.

Rubber is the primary material used due to its excellent elasticity, resilience, and energy absorption capabilities. However, not all rubbers are created equal. The type of rubber used can significantly impact the fender's performance, durability, and resistance to environmental factors such as UV radiation, ozone, and temperature fluctuations.

Natural rubber and synthetic rubbers like neoprene, nitrile, and EPDM are commonly used. Each has its own set of properties that make it suitable for different applications. For instance, neoprene is known for its resistance to oil and chemicals, making it ideal for use in oil terminals. Nitrile rubber, on the other hand, offers excellent resistance to abrasion and is often used in areas with high wear and tear.

The shape and structure of the cone rubber fender are crucial to its performance. The conical shape is chosen for its ability to distribute the load evenly across the fender's surface, reducing the stress on any single point. This shape also allows for a larger contact area with the vessel, which helps to minimize the impact force.

The design must also consider the fender's structure, including the thickness of the rubber and the presence of any internal reinforcement. Thicker rubber can absorb more energy, but it also increases the weight and cost of the fender. Internal reinforcements, such as steel plates or fibers, can enhance the fender's strength and durability but may also increase its weight and complexity.