Global instability caused by pandemic, energy crises, trade conflicts and geopolitical tensions has significantly affected the economic security of the European Union (EU). These challenges have exposed the EU's vulnerability to external shocks and prompted a rethinking of strategies in economic and industrial policy. One of the key areas has been the strengthening of industrial autonomy to enhance economic resilience.

Challenges to economic security

Global challenges have had a major impact on the EU's economic stability. The disruption of supply chains caused by the pandemic has exposed countries' dependence on external suppliers, especially in the health, energy and technology sectors. The energy crisis, exacerbated by geopolitical instability, has emphasised the need to review energy security policies.

Rising tensions with key trading partners such as the US and China have reinforced the EU's need to protect the internal market from external threats, despite the need to support global trade.

Industrial autonomy as a security tool

In this context, the European economic security strategy has prioritized industrial autonomy. It focuses on ensuring the region's ability to independently produce essential goods and services, reducing reliance on external suppliers. Key sectors receiving special attention include semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and green economy technologies.

Energy autonomy is another critical element. The EU aims to lessen its dependence on oil and gas imports by advancing renewable energy sources, which enhances economic resilience amid global crises and supports carbon neutrality objectives.

Challenges on the road to autonomy

The EU faces challenges on the road to autonomy. First, establishing new production facilities requires significant investment and skilled labour. Second, bringing production facilities back to Europe increases costs. Many companies have previously relocated their facilities to regions with cheaper labour, and their return will require major financial incentives.

In addition, coordination between EU countries is difficult as they have different economic interests. Nevertheless, the European Commission is actively promoting ideas of economic integration to solve these problems.

Conclusion

In the context of global instability, industrial autonomy is becoming a key element of EU economic security. Developing domestic industries and reducing dependence on external supplies will help to protect the economy from external shocks and strengthen competitiveness in the global arena.

Despite challenges, such as the need for investment and political coordination, industrial autonomy remains an important area for the future sustainability and stability of the EU economy.